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Correcting an Inaccurate Paradigm on
Cellular Functions -- Lay Version
by Perry A. Chapdelaine, Sr., M.A. and
Perry A. Chapdelaine, Jr., M.D., M.PH.
The Roger Wyburn-Mason and Jack M. Blount Foundation for
the Eradication of Rheumatoid Disease
AKA The Arthritis Trust of America
®
/The Rheumatoid Disease
Foundation, 7376 Walker Road, Fairview, Tn 37062
A Revolution in the Physiology of the
Living Cell
by Gilbert N. Ling, Ph.D.
Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, USA;
ISBN 0-89464-398-3378 pages, hardcover, 1992, $64.50
Effects of Faulty Medical Paradigms
All physiological systems considered by the health professional,
in small or large, must begin at the cellular level. It’s a basic truism
that the manner in which each cell functions and behaves under
differing environments, including cooperative relationships between
adjoining and remotely located cells, determines the functioning of
each organ and each system.
A model that describes cellular functions and their relationships
in error will cascade inoperative medical techniques throughout medi-
cal literature. Such accumulated paradigm errors often reach pa-
tients producing ill health and death. There are countless examples
throughout medical history where faulty premises or theories have
brought about drastic negative consequences.
In describing potential causes for rheumatoid disease and can-
cer, Roger Wyburn-Mason, M.D., Ph.D. listed two widespread,
faulty medical paradigms.
Tuberculosis was once defined in terms of 100 different dis-
eases, depending upon which part of the body symptoms appeared.
Of course, treatments usually took on weird and obscure rationale
when attempting to solve each of these differently appearing symp-
toms. Then the tubercule bacillus was discovered, and all of those
100 names collapsed, now being named TB of the lung, TB of the
spine, TB of the skin, and so on. Rational treatments took hold, and,
for many years, reduced the tuberculosis problem.
As is now true for rheumatoid diseases, syphilis was once
described as a classical auto-immune disease -- until discovery of the
spirochete.
Let’s consider our grand fight against cancer, whose 26th birth-
day was celebrated December 23, 1997. Legislation on that date 26
years ago created the unprecedented multi-billion dollar government-
private sector alliance known as the “War on Cancer.” It was signed
by President Nixon in 1971, six months before the Watergate break-
in.
I hate “everyone knows,” but this is one time the generality is
fully justified, for everyone knows that billions have been spent on
faulty treatments based on faulty paradigms, and there seems no way
to halt this powerful, destructive engine.
Professor Alfred Burger, University of Virginia, wrote in his
monumental treatise, Medicinal Chemistry, (pg 19, 2nd ed.), “Al-
most all the problems of medicinal chemistry would become more
amenable if we had even an inkling of the reaction of any drug with
body chemicals. . . . “
Could this be so because the theory of the living cell -- seat of
body chemicals -- taught in all medical schools to this day -- is
wrong?
Dr. Gilbert Ling is a world-class scientist, who has spent a life-
time researching cellular functions, also collaborating with top-rank-
ing scientists, and producing peer-reviewed literature that ranks
among the highest. He’s published more than 200 peer-reviewed
scientific papers.
His book, A Revolution in the Physiology of the Living Cell,
summarzies not his philosophy, but the results of definitively bril-
liant laboratory work on and about the living cell.
The book is exceptionally well-written and foot-noted, and is
easily read by one versed in a course or two of chemistry and phys-
ics, although here and there it helps to have a broader range of
knowledge of physiological mechanisms. Ling’s notes at the end of
each chapter are both entertaining and highly educational.
Autocratic medical paradigms have held back progress in medical
science since the death of Hippocrates -- and probably earlier. Few of
these faulty concepts can be more basic than the defective Mem-
brane-Pump model which attempts to describe the workings of
cellular mechanisms.
The Membrane-Pump Theory
For many years the Membrane-Pump mechanism has been used
to explain how Na
+
can reach a lower concentration level inside a cell
when it is surrounded by a sea of higher Na
+
concentration. This
Membrane-Pump model, although never adequately tested scientifi-
cally, ruled medical text-books -- as well as Scientific American --
for more than a generation. There were micro-molecular pumps, it
was theorized, that functioned by permitting K
+
to enter the cell, but
which kept out excess Na
+
. This, it was said, kept the concentration
of Na
+
within the cell lower than the concentration in the surrounding
fluids.
During a life-time of astute laboratory observations, Ling not
only totally demolishes this faulty paradigm, but seems to rely on
electromagnetic mechanisms which cause cells to cooperate and com-
municate together, much as -- by metaphor -- the wheeling and dart-
ing of a flock of birds appears as though the flock moves together as
a single organism without an easily observed signal to one another.
Postulating a “sodium-potassium pump” was necessary to up-
hold a law of entropy.
Disorder in a system, such as the universe or a container of hot
chocolate, always increases, even as the available energy for useful
work decreases. This is known as the law of entropy.
Renown scientist Clerk Maxwell designed a thought experi-
ment that would contradict the law of entropy. As I remember the
story, a small demon was housed in a tube through which air of
normal room temperature passed. The small demon would capture
each molecule, and separate them into two directions, one for hot air
and one for cold air, thus defying the universal law of entropy.
The original Boyle-Conway model of the membrane theory
was derived from a single postulate known as “atomic sieve.” The
atomic sieve theory was introduced by Moritz Traube in the middle
of the last century to explain semi-permeable behaviors of copper-
ferrocyanide membranes. It was disproved in the early part of the
century, reintroduced and disproved again in the thirties in connec-
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